NEWater DI Water Skid

When it comes to desalination machines, NEWater is the most trusted producer. Our DI Water Skid is strategically engineered to remove undesirable ions from water effectively using ion-exchange technology, resulting in high-quality DI water. The modular design of the Deionizer Water System allows for easy installation, a small footprint, and low maintenance costs. And all basic components of the system are made of high-quality materials for long service life.

NEWater desalination device is used in a multitude of sectors, including pharmaceutical, chemical, and manufacturing. Our in-house manufacturing facility assures that our products are thoroughly researched and manufactured to the highest standards, backed by a one-year warranty.

We offer free water solutions consultations for your DI Water Skid needs. Please send us an email at info@newater.com.

The Ultimate FAQ Guide for Deionized (DI) Water Skid.

At present, it is quite difficult to come by a natural, unpolluted water body. This has added to the number of people across the globe lacking a sufficient supply of fresh potable water. Given that water plays a pivotal role in households, industries, and commercial enterprises, distinct water treatment systems have been developed to reinforce potable water supply. Deionized water skids are one of the advanced water treatment systems particularly designed to purify water. This article dwells on the distinct types of deionized water skids, their varied application fields, and how they operate.

➣What is a Deionized Water Skid?

A deionized (di) water skid is a skid-mounted water purification unit primarily used to remove undesirable ionic constituents from water. These deionized water machines are essentially turnkey systems pre-assembled before dispatching. They are housed in self-sufficient metal frames or rails, which makes transporting them easy and fast. In addition, the skid mount provides protection to the deionization equipment.

DI water skids function by utilizing the ion exchange principle. In essence, ionic impurities are replaced with non-pollutant ions consequently generating demineralized water free of dissolved ions. They are ordinarily manufactured with varied exchange capacities to allow their use in small, medium, and large enterprises. The design can also be customized to match your taste and operational requirements.

As renowned manufacturers and suppliers, we exploit our expertise, ultra-modern manufacturing facilities, and technologies to manufacture first-rate deionizers for residential, commercial, and industrial use. Our pool of systems ranges from household water softeners to sophisticated deionizers for laboratory and pharmaceutical use. You can place your order from the comfort of your location using our website.

➣How Does a DI Water Skid Function?

DI water skids are technically specialized ion exchange water systems. Their working principle is centered on ion exchange, which is accomplished by cation exchange resins and anion exchange resins. The cation exchange resin bed interchanges pollutant cations with hydrogen (H+) ions while the anion exchange resin bed expels negatively charged ions with hydroxide (OH-) ions.

The process of deionization however differs depending on the type of deionization skid. For two-bed deionizer skids, positively charged ions are first removed by the cation exchange resin. The resulting water devoid of cationic impurities is then driven into an adjacent pressure vessel accommodating the anion exchange resin bed. The positively charged ions are subsequently substituted by OH- ions to ultimately generate deionized water.

The process flow in mixed-bed deionizer skids is however different. The feedwater is injected into one pressure vessel housing both the anion and cation exchange resin beds. Simultaneously, both the anionic and cationic pollutants are exchanged for OH- and H+ ions respectively. The resulting outlet water is harvested as high-grade deionized water. The following animation video illustrates the process of deionization.

Electrodeionization water skids function differently compared to conventional di water skids. The raw water is subjected to ion exchange resins and membranes resulting in higher deionization rates. Exhausted resins are regenerated by direct current thereby abolishing the need for chemical regenerants. This is how an EDI water skid works.

➣What Are the Primary Components of a Deionized Water Skid?

To build a well-functioning di water skid, different components tasked with varying roles are interconnected. Although the design may differ, typical water deionization equipment is made up of several common components. Underneath, we discuss the primary components of a first-rate DI water skid.

● Metal skid.

The skid-mount is the metal structure of the deionization system is installed on. It can be a metal rail, pellet, or frame. Typically, the metal skid is made of stainless steel due to its high rust resistance.

● Pressure vessel.

The pressure vessel is a tank that holds the deionization exchange resin. In two-bed deionizers, there are two pressure vessels; one houses the cation di resin while the other holds the anion di resin. Pressure vessels can be manufactured using stainless steel, fiberglass, titanium, or high-quality plastic.

● Deionization resin.

The resin is the main component of deionization systems. The ion exchange resin used in deionization systems is primarily microporous. The cation exchange resin consists of microporous beads charged with hydrogen (H+) ions while the anion exchange resin comprises microporous beads charged with hydroxide (OH-) ions. The resin is responsible for stripping off undesirable ions from the water and replacing them with non-objectionable ions.

● Regenerant distributor.

The regenerant distribution system facilitates the regeneration process. It allows the regeneration chemical to be flushed in and out of the resin bed. The distribution system is often installed at the center of the pressure vessel to allow even distribution of the regenerant.

● Control valves.

The control valves essentially regulate the flow speed and direction of the incoming and outgoing water as well as the inlet and outlet regeneration solution. The installed control valves can be automatically or manually controlled.

➣Which Pretreatment Process is Ideal for DI Water Skids?

When deionizing feed water harboring aggressive contaminants capable of fouling components of the di water skid, it is imperative to deploy a pretreatment system. Underneath, we are going to look at some techniques you can use to nullify the fouling capability of your feed water.

● Sediment filtration.

Pretreating your feedwater using sediment filters expels colloids, dust particles, and suspended solids. The presence of these contaminants in the incoming water for your di water skid can result in clogging of your exchange resin.

● Activated carbon filtration.

This process is primarily used to reduce the concentration of chemical pollutants in the feed water. Through adsorption, the impurities are seized by granular or powdered blocks of carbon. The chemical contaminants extracted include chlorine, herbicides, pesticides, and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs).

● Reverse osmosis.

Reverse osmosis is widely used in water purification applications thanks to its diversity and high output. It is a membrane filtration process driven mainly by pressure. Pretreating feed water for DI water skids with reverse osmosis makes the deionization process cheaper and elevates the water quality.

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➣What Are the Distinct Application Fields of Deionized Water Skids?

Deionized water skids can be customized to offer water purification solutions to households, industries, and commercial enterprises. They are mainly used in laboratories and pharmaceutical manufacturing since they generate blank water. In fact, there are custom-made laboratory deionized water systems manufactured to produce laboratory-grade purified water. Similarly, there are specialized pharmaceutical di water skids compliant with USP, JP, EP, and other industry regulations.

In households, deionized water skids are chiefly used to soften hard water. Private good users are particularly big consumers of water deionizer systems. This is because well water is often rich in minerals and metals, which can be harmful to humans and metal pipework and valuable appliances. They are also widely exploited in seawater and brackish water desalination courtesy of their proficiency in extracting dissolved salts.

Coupling desalination water skids with other water purification systems like reverse osmosis broadens their application field. This is mainly undertaken in applications necessitating high-purity water. Here are examples of industries and commercial enterprises dependent on di water skids.

• Pharmaceuticals, hospitals, and laboratories.
• Final rinsing in car washing.
• Food and beverages.
• Cooling tower.
• Wastewater treatment.
• Cosmetics.

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➣Which Types of Deionized Water Skids Do You Provide?

To gratify the dissimilar requirements of an enormous client base, we manufacture varying types of di water skids. Primarily, our di water systems are categorized into dual-bed deionizers, mixed-bed deionizers, and electrodeionization systems. We however manufacture customized systems in line with industry requirements, for example, laboratory di water systems and household desalination water skids.

● Dual-bed DI water skids.

Dual-bed deionizers are deionization machines configured with separate cation and anion deionization resins. They are made up of two pressure vessels and the deionization process commences with the removal of cationic impurities by the cation di tank. The partly deionized water is subsequently driven into the anion di tank whereby all negatively charged ions are displaced. For water softening, only the cation di tank is necessitated. The resin beads are however charged with Na+ or K+ ions rather than H+.

● Mixed-bed di water skids.

Mixed-bed desalination water skids are comparatively more productive than dual-bed deionizers. They consist of a single di tank, which essentially holds the anion and cation exchange resin beads. The feedwater enters into a single vessel and comes out as deionized water. Courtesy of the high deionization score of mixed-bed di water skids, they are often utilized to polish the deionized water from two-bed deionizers.

● Electrodeionization (EDI) water skid.

Electrodeionization water skids are essentially hybrid deionization systems driven by direct current. In addition to utilizing ion exchange resins, they also employ ion exchange membranes to ensure all ionic impurities are removed. Edi water purification systems, just like mixed-bed deionizers, are often used as post-treatment systems for two-bed deionizers. Additionally, they can be used to produce ultra-pure water for laboratories and pharmaceuticals.

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➣What is the Regeneration Process in DI Water Skids?

Regeneration is a recharge process undertaken to expel trapped impurities and restore the deionization capacity of the resin bed. It is essentially a four-stage process that can be undertaken in two process configurations; co-flow and reverse-flow regeneration. In co-flow regeneration, the regeneration chemical is injected and flushed through the resin bed in a flow direction similar to the normal service flow i.e. top to bottom.

In reverse flow regeneration, the regenerant is introduced and flushed through the resin bed in opposite direction i.e. bottom to top. This process configuration is quite more efficient than the co-flow process configuration. Below is an illustration of the stages followed to successfully regenerate an exhausted di resin bed.

● Backwash.

Backwashing is mainly undertaken in the co-flow process configuration. This process involves pumping water backward through the resin bed to flush out seized contaminants and to rearrange disorganized resin beads.

● Injection of the regeneration solution.

In this step, a solution containing the regenerant is run through the di resin bed slowly to permit sufficient contact with the resin beads. On the contrary, when regenerating mixed-bed deionizers, you must alienate the cation and anion resins first. A caustic regeneration solution is used on the anion di resin while an acidic regeneration solution is used on the cation di resin.

● Displacement of the regeneration solution.

This stage involves the slow injection of water to flush out the regeneration solution. The flow rate in this stage is typically similar to that of the regenerant injection process. To avert fouling of the resin beads, it is imperative that you monitor the flow rate of this process.

● Final rinse.

To conclude the regeneration process, clean water is flushed through the resin bed for rinsing purposes. The flow rate of the final rinse stage is similar to a normal in-service flow rate. The water is flushed through until your target water quality is accomplished.

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➣Which Regenerants Are Used in Deionized Water Skids?

In the operation cycle of di water skids, the pollutant ions are absorbed by the cation and anion exchange resin beads while hydrogen and hydroxide ions are discharged to replace them. Over time, the di resins become exhausted by the trapped ions thereby losing their deionization capacity. To remedy this, the regeneration process is initiated to elute the seized ions. This is accomplished using specific regenerates.

The cation exchange resin is typically regenerated using acidic regenerates like sulfuric acid while anion exchange resins are recharged using caustic regenerates like sodium hydroxide. In ion-exchange water softeners, which are characteristically cation di tanks, solutions of sodium chloride or potassium chloride are used. Electrodeionization water systems, however, do not necessitate regeneration using chemical regenerants. They automatically regenerate using direct current or electricity.

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